Tuberculosis Disease

Tuberculosis
What is tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria which affects lungs and may spread to other areas in the body like brain and spinal cord.
Types of tuberculosis:
1- Latent TB.2- Active TB.
Symptoms of tuberculosis:
1- The latent form of TB has no symptoms.
2- The Active TB symptoms are:
- Severe cough that lasts for a long time more than 3 weeks.
- Bloody cough in some cases.
- Chest pain.
- Feeling physically exhausted and tired all the time.
- High temperature and fever.
- Sweating, especially at night, and chills in the body.
- Loss of appetite, which causes weight loss.
Transmission of tuberculosis:
1- Tuberculosis can be transmitted by direct contact with an infected person during talking, sneezing and coughing, the small particles when entered the healthy person’s body, he might be infected.
2- Tuberculosis can be transmitted by indirect contact when using patient tools.
3- Smoking shisha.
Risk Factors of TB:
1- Contact for a long period with an infected person at home or in work.
2- Smokers specially shisha smokers.
3- The areas with high rates of TB like: South Africa and russia.
4- Doctors and nurses who are treating TB patients and their families.
5- Veterinary doctors because TB is one of the common diseases between humans and animals.
Diagnosis of tuberculosis:
1- Skin Test.
2- Blood test.
Prevention of TB:
1- Take care while talking, coughing or sneezing if you are an infected person.
2- Wear a face mask if you are infected or have an infected family member at home.
3- Avoid crowding areas if you live or have travelled to an area where TB is common.
Tuberculosis vaccine:
BCG is the tuberculosis vaccine which is given to children in some countries like the United States if one of their patients is infected or has a TB drug resistance.
Treatment of tuberculosis:
Some antibiotics are used for the treatment of TB under doctors prescription for several months such as: isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampin.
Sources:
https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-tuberculosis-basics
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis
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